Frequently Asked Questions

Bad breath (halitosis) is common and often caused by bacteria on the tongue, especially in the morning when saliva flow is low. Brushing your tongue daily can significantly reduce odor.

• Poor oral hygiene
• Gum disease or cavities
• Dry mouth (from medications or mouth breathing)
• Smoking or tobacco use
• Strong foods like garlic and onions
• Medical issues like sinus infections, diabetes, or digestive problems

• Brush and floss daily, and clean your tongue
• Stay hydrated and avoid skipping meals
• Clean dentures or appliances thoroughly
• Visit your dentist regularly
• Quit smoking and ask about antiseptic mouth rinses

If your mouth is healthy but bad breath persists, your dentist may recommend seeing a physician to check for underlying conditions.

Maintaining a consistent oral hygiene routine is essential for preventing dental problems such as cavities and gum disease. Brushing and flossing are the most effective ways to remove plaque—a sticky layer made up of food particles, bacteria, and saliva that clings to your teeth and gums. Left untreated, plaque hardens into tartar (calculus), which can lead to gum inflammation and eventual bone loss.

Since plaque builds up continuously, it’s important to remove it daily through regular brushing, flossing, and the use of other recommended dental tools.

Brushing

Brush your teeth a minimum of twice per day, especially before bedtime. Use a soft-bristled toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste approved by the American Dental Association (ADA).

Position the brush at a 45-degree angle to your gums and use gentle, circular strokes. Be sure to clean all surfaces—outer, inner, and chewing—of each tooth. Use the tip of the brush for the inner surfaces of front teeth, and don’t forget to brush your tongue to eliminate bacteria and improve breath.

Electric toothbrushes are a great alternative. They are user-friendly and designed to remove plaque efficiently. Simply guide the bristles over your teeth and gums—no scrubbing required.

Flossing

Flossing once a day is key to removing plaque and food particles between teeth and below the gumline—areas your toothbrush can’t reach. Regular flossing helps break up plaque colonies and supports gum and bone health.

Start with 12–16 inches of floss, wrapping most of it around your middle fingers. Leave about 2 inches to work with between your hands. Gently slide the floss between each tooth using a back-and-forth motion. Curve it into a C-shape around each tooth and move it up and down to clean thoroughly. If traditional floss is difficult to use, floss holders or other interdental tools can be effective alternatives.

Rinsing

Rinse your mouth with water after brushing or eating, especially when you’re unable to brush right away. If you use a mouthwash or over-the-counter rinse, talk to your dentist or hygienist to ensure it’s appropriate for your oral health needs.

Concerns have been raised over the years about the safety of amalgam (silver) fillings. Amalgam is a mixture of copper, silver, tin, and zinc, combined with elemental mercury. Dentists have relied on this metal blend to restore teeth for more than a century. The controversy stems from claims that mercury vapor or tiny particles released from these fillings could lead to various health issues.

The American Dental Association (ADA) reports that up to 76% of dentists continue to use mercury-containing silver fillings. The ADA also affirms that these fillings are safe, noting that numerous studies have found no evidence linking silver amalgam to any medical conditions.

The prevailing opinion among health authorities is that amalgam fillings are safe. Organizations such as the ADA™, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), World Health Organization (WHO), and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) endorse the use of silver fillings for their safety, durability, and cost-effectiveness. The U.S. Public Health Service advises that the only contraindication for amalgam use is an allergy to any of its components. Such allergic reactions are exceedingly rare, with fewer than 100 cases reported out of millions of fillings placed over many decades.

While mercury is toxic at high exposure levels, the mercury in amalgam fillings chemically binds with other metals, rendering it inactive and safe according to the ADA. For comparison, health warnings about mercury typically apply to the consumption of certain fish with high mercury levels, not dental fillings.

Alternatives to silver fillings include composite (tooth-colored), porcelain, and gold restorations. We encourage you to talk with your dentist about all available options to choose the best solution tailored to your needs.

It is recommended that you have your teeth examined and cleaned at least twice a year. However, depending on your individual dental health needs, your dentist or dental hygienist may suggest more frequent visits.

Regular dental exams and professional cleanings play a crucial role in preventing oral health problems and maintaining the health of your teeth and gums. During these appointments, your teeth will be thoroughly cleaned and checked for any signs of cavities or other issues. In addition, several other important evaluations are performed, including:

• Medical History Review: Understanding your current medical conditions, medications, and any recent illnesses helps us assess your overall health and its impact on your dental care.
• Examination of Diagnostic X-rays (Radiographs): X-rays are essential for detecting decay, cysts, tumors, and bone loss. They also help evaluate tooth and root positions.
• Oral Cancer Screening: We examine your face, neck, lips, tongue, throat, gums, and oral tissues for any signs of oral cancer.
• Gum Disease Evaluation: Assessment of the gums and supporting bone to detect periodontal disease early.
• Examination of Tooth Decay: All tooth surfaces are checked carefully using special dental instruments to find any decay.
• Evaluation of Existing Restorations: Fillings, crowns, and other restorations are examined to ensure they remain intact and functional.
• Removal of Calculus (Tartar): Calculus is hardened plaque that attaches firmly to teeth above and below the gumline and can only be removed with specialized dental tools.
• Removal of Plaque: Plaque is a sticky, nearly invisible film of bacteria, food debris, and saliva that produces toxins causing gum inflammation—the first step toward periodontal disease.
• Teeth Polishing: Polishing removes stains and plaque not eliminated during brushing and scaling.
• Oral Hygiene Recommendations: We review your brushing and flossing techniques and suggest helpful oral hygiene aids such as electric toothbrushes, fluoride treatments, rinses, and other tools.
• Review of Dietary Habits: Your diet plays an important role in oral health, so we discuss nutrition and habits that affect your teeth and gums.

As you can see, a comprehensive dental exam and cleaning involves much more than just checking for cavities and polishing your teeth. Our goal is to provide you with the highest quality care, which requires consistent dental visits and professional cleanings.

Did You Know? 80% of People Have Periodontal Disease Without Realizing It

Periodontal disease often goes unnoticed because it typically causes little to no pain in its initial stages. Unlike cavities, which tend to cause discomfort, gum disease can quietly progress without obvious warning signs. This makes routine dental check-ups and thorough periodontal assessments vital for early detection.

The disease starts when plaque—a thin, invisible layer of bacteria, food particles, and saliva—builds up on your teeth and gums. The harmful bacteria in plaque release toxins that irritate the gum tissue and slowly break down the bone supporting your teeth. Regular and effective brushing and flossing help prevent plaque from accumulating and causing damage.

Besides inadequate oral hygiene, several other factors may increase your susceptibility to periodontal disease:

• Tobacco Use: Smoking or chewing tobacco significantly increases plaque and tartar buildup compared to non-tobacco users.
• Dental Issues: Crowded teeth, poorly fitting bridges, or damaged fillings can create areas where plaque collects and thrives.
• Medications: Certain drugs, including steroids, cancer treatments, blood pressure medicines, and birth control pills, can reduce saliva flow, resulting in a dry mouth that encourages plaque accumulation.
• Hormonal Fluctuations: Life stages such as pregnancy, puberty, or the use of hormonal contraceptives can make gums more vulnerable to bacterial irritation.
• Chronic Conditions: Diseases like diabetes, blood disorders, and HIV/AIDS can negatively affect gum health.
• Genetic Factors: Some individuals inherit a tendency toward more severe gum disease, especially if there is a family history of tooth loss.

Common Indicators of Periodontal Disease

• Swollen, Red Gums: Healthy gums should be firm and pink, not inflamed or discolored.
• Gum Bleeding: Gums should not bleed during brushing or flossing, even with vigorous cleaning.
• Chronic Bad Breath: Persistent unpleasant odor can be a sign of bacterial buildup.
• New Gaps Between Teeth: These can develop due to loss of bone support.
• Loose Teeth: Result from deterioration of the bone and periodontal fibers holding teeth in place.
• Pus Formation: Presence of pus near teeth and gums indicates infection.
• Gum Recession: The gums may pull back from the teeth, exposing more tooth surface.
• Sensitivity or Discomfort: Irritation caused by plaque and tartar buildup.

Maintaining excellent oral hygiene, consuming a nutritious diet, and visiting your dentist regularly are the best ways to protect yourself against periodontal disease.

While brushing effectively cleans the surfaces of your teeth, it doesn’t reach the tight spaces between them. These gaps are vulnerable to plaque buildup, which can lead to cavities and gum problems if neglected.

Flossing daily is the most effective method to remove debris and bacteria from between your teeth and just below the gumline. By disrupting plaque formation in these hard-to-reach areas, flossing helps protect your gums, teeth, and the supporting bone structure from damage.

Plaque is a thin, nearly invisible layer of bacteria, food particles, and saliva that forms continuously on your teeth. The bacteria in plaque release acids that can erode tooth enamel and cause gum irritation. If plaque isn’t removed, it hardens into tartar, which further aggravates the gums and can lead to bone loss—a condition known as periodontal disease.

Proper Flossing Technique:

1. Cut about 12 to 16 inches (30 to 40 cm) of floss and wrap most of it around your middle fingers, leaving a small section (around 2 inches or 5 cm) to work with.
2. Hold the floss tightly between your thumbs and forefingers and gently slide it between your teeth using a gentle sawing motion.
3. Curve the floss into a C-shape around each tooth, gliding it beneath the gumline to remove plaque and debris.
4. Move the floss up and down the tooth surface to clean thoroughly.

If handling floss is challenging, floss holders or interdental brushes can be helpful alternatives.

Incorporating flossing into your daily routine is a key step toward maintaining a healthy, radiant smile for years to come!

If you feel hesitant about your smile or simply want to boost its appearance, cosmetic dentistry offers a variety of options to help you achieve a brighter, more confident look.

In recent years, cosmetic dental treatments have surged in popularity—not only because of advancements in techniques and materials but also because more people are prioritizing their overall dental health. These treatments aim to provide a healthier, whiter, and more attractive smile.

There is a wide range of cosmetic procedures tailored to meet different needs. Whether you’re looking to improve a single tooth or undergo a complete smile transformation, cosmetic dentistry can make a significant impact. Speak with your dentist to explore how these treatments can enhance both the function and appearance of your teeth.

Common Cosmetic Dentistry Options:

• Teeth Whitening: Professional bleaching helps remove stains caused by aging, foods, drinks, and smoking. It can also lighten teeth discolored from injury or certain medications, though results vary depending on the type and extent of staining.
• Composite (Tooth-Colored) Fillings: Also called bonding, these fillings replace traditional silver amalgam to repair cavities, fix chipped or cracked teeth, and improve the look of discolored areas. They’re also effective for filling gaps and protecting sensitive root surfaces caused by gum recession.
• Porcelain Veneers: Thin, custom-made shells that cover the front of your teeth to conceal imperfections such as discoloration, chips, or misalignment. Veneers require minimal removal of tooth enamel compared to crowns.
• Porcelain Crowns: These caps cover and strengthen teeth with extensive damage or decay. Custom-fitted and tooth-colored, crowns restore both function and aesthetics.
• Dental Implants: Surgically implanted artificial roots that support crowns, bridges, or dentures, providing a permanent and stable solution for missing teeth.
• Orthodontics: Modern braces and clear aligners offer discreet and effective ways to straighten teeth for both teens and adults.

With today's advances in dental technology, cosmetic dentistry can truly transform your smile and boost your self-confidence!

Porcelain veneers are ultra-thin, custom-crafted shells made from tooth-colored porcelain designed to cover the front surfaces of your teeth. They are highly durable and resistant to stains, making them a popular choice for anyone looking to enhance or restore the appearance of their smile.

Veneers can address a variety of dental concerns, including:

• Teeth that are severely discolored or stained
• Gaps or uneven spacing between teeth
• Chipped, worn, or damaged teeth
• Mild crowding or misalignment
• Teeth that are irregularly shaped
• Teeth that appear too large or too small

The process of getting veneers usually takes two appointments. First, an impression of your teeth is taken and sent to a dental lab, where skilled technicians create veneers tailored to match the shape and color that best suits your smile.

During the preparation visit, your dentist will gently reshape the front surface of your teeth by removing a thin layer of enamel—often without the need for anesthesia—to make room for the veneers. Once ready, the veneers are carefully bonded onto your teeth using special dental adhesives. In some cases, a curing light is used to securely set the bond.

Porcelain veneers provide a beautiful, natural-looking result and can significantly enhance your smile with long-lasting effects.

Brightening your smile is a common goal, and fortunately, there are many options available to tackle tooth discoloration.

Professional teeth whitening, often called bleaching, is a safe and straightforward cosmetic dental procedure that lightens the natural enamel of your teeth. While over-the-counter whitening products exist, they typically offer less noticeable results and may not carry approval from the American Dental Association (ADA).

As we get older, the enamel on our teeth gradually thins, revealing the darker dentin beneath. Additionally, factors like smoking, and consuming coffee, tea, or red wine, can stain teeth over time. Certain medications taken during childhood, such as tetracycline antibiotics, as well as excessive fluoride exposure during tooth development (fluorosis), can also cause discoloration.

It’s important to consult with your dentist to determine if whitening treatments are suitable for you. Some stains, particularly those from tetracycline or fluorosis, may be resistant to bleaching, in which case alternatives like veneers or crowns might be recommended. Because whitening only affects natural tooth surfaces, any old fillings, crowns, or restorations may need to be replaced or color-matched after treatment to ensure a uniform smile.

Teeth whitening results aren’t permanent, so occasional touch-ups might be necessary to maintain your bright smile.

Popular Professional Whitening Methods:

• At-Home Whitening Kits: These kits typically include a bleaching gel applied in custom-made trays that fit your teeth perfectly. Depending on the product and your goals, trays may be worn for about 30 minutes twice daily or overnight, with full results appearing over a few weeks.
• In-Office Whitening: Performed by your dentist, this procedure offers immediate results. After protecting your gums, a bleaching agent is applied to your teeth, sometimes activated by a special light. Treatments usually last between 30 and 60 minutes and may require multiple sessions.

Some people experience temporary tooth sensitivity following whitening, but this typically fades within a few days to a week after treatment.

When done properly, teeth whitening can significantly brighten your smile and boost your confidence!